The Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations (FADA) on October 27 released a Policy Brief for the introduction of an auto dealers’ protection Act in the country.
A press release by FADA said, after GM (2017), MAN Trucks (2018), UM Lohia (2019) and Harley Davidson (2020), Ford is the fifth auto OEM to stop domestic sales thus exiting a large and untapped India market. Such exits, it said, adversely impact the interests of consumers who are often left with no avenues for aftersales services and with resale value of their vehicles nose-diving.
Ultimately, this casts an unfair burden on the dealers who have to step in to ensure that their relationships with consumers are not ruined, while also facing the endless barrage of consumer complaints due to OEM’s unilateral actions, according to FADA.
It said the plight and suffering of dealers, however, is an everyday issue that is often dismissed by OEMs in a business-as-usual manner. Automobile dealers in India are predominantly small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which are either family-owned businesses or partnerships firms and have significantly lower bargaining power in comparison to their OEMs which in-turn are large corporations. “The entrenched unethical and imbalanced power structures with OEMs have caused a great deal of anguish to automobile dealers as the existing laws are not adequate to protect their interests”, said FADA.
In the light of this, FADA commissioned an in-depth analysis of the relationship between OEMs and dealers in India, through a detailed study of various dealership agreements. Through this work, a comparative analysis of foreign dealership agreements and legal protections available to automobile dealers in different countries such as the USA, Australia and South Africa was also undertaken.
The analysis, said FADA, clearly shows that unlike the Indian agreements, foreign agreements often have more balanced and comprehensive clauses on termination, indemnification, repurchase obligations and afford more flexibility to the dealers.
The detailed findings have been incorporated into a Policy Brief, the summary of which is given below:
• Dealership agreements in India do not have a standardised term with certain agreements have tenures as low as one year. It takes anywhere between three to five years for a dealership business to break even. Short-term of agreement is detrimental to the dealers as they do not give adequate opportunity to them to recover the heavy investments.
• The dealer agreements in India also tend to have vague and broad grounds of termination that provide greater flexibility to OEMs, in comparison to dealers. This adversely impacts dealers’ ability to negotiate during OEM exits, causes employment losses, and also affects consumers who are left with no recourse with respect to aftersales services.
• Absence of repurchase obligations under, which would mandate OEMs to buy back leftover stock, including vehicles, spare parts etc. in cases of termination, leads to added costs on the dealers.
• OEMs are free to open multiple dealerships in the same territory without giving any rationale to the existing dealers. This makes planning difficult and significantly affects the dealer’s ability to recoup their investments.
• Dealers are often made party to consumer complaints even though the liability may lie with the OEM, due to lack of clarity in indemnity provisions.
• Dealers are not afforded the required flexibility in taking business decisions and they also have little to no role in deciding stock projections and targets in a particular financial year. There is very little consultation between the OEM and dealer in this regard, and dealers are often forced to accept the stock orders that the OEMs push them on to.
• Dealers are also often forced with procurement and selling of accessories (such as spare parts, aesthetic additions, music systems etc.) consumables (including lubricants, paints etc.), loans and insurance from the OEMs themselves or from a short list of approved vendors. This leads to increase in dealer costs, the burden of which is eventually passed on to the consumers.
FADA President Mr. Vinkesh Gulati said, “Many countries in the world recognise the inherent power imbalance between OEMs and dealers within the automobile sector and have enacted legislation to level the playing field. Unfortunately, the existing legal regime in India is inadequate to address these specific concerns of dealers. While OEM-dealer agreements are governed under the Indian Contract Act, the law does not contain any clear solutions for us.”
He further said that India should also urgently consider the introduction of an automobile dealers’ protection Act to make contracts more balanced and equitable. Such legislation should introduce robust contract enforcement and dispute settlement measures by incorporating a special authority with adequate representation from the Government of India, FADA and SIAM.”